A cardiologist presents a video discussing 8 medical emergencies associated with diabetes or pre-diabetes. The emergencies are:
1. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State: a life-threatening condition caused by extremely high blood sugar levels, often due to infection, stress, or stopping diabetes medication.
2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis: a potentially fatal condition where the body produces ketones due to a lack of insulin, often triggered by stress or infection.
3. Heart Attack: people with diabetes are at twice the risk of heart attack, with symptoms differing from those without diabetes.
4. Loss of Kidney Function: diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, with symptoms including changes in urine, muscle spasms, and swelling.
5. Severe Infections/Sepsis: diabetes affects the immune system, increasing the risk of severe infections, with symptoms including fever, chills, and confusion.
6. Stroke: people with diabetes are at a higher risk of stroke, with symptoms including numbness, weakness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
7. Hypoglycemia: a medical emergency where blood sugar levels drop too low, with symptoms including confusion, dizziness, and seizures.
8. Retinal Detachment: a serious condition where the retina separates from the eye, potentially causing blindness.
The video emphasizes the importance of recognizing these emergencies and taking prompt action to prevent serious complications or death. It also stresses the need for lifestyle changes, such as improving diet and increasing physical activity, to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and its associated emergencies.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. People with diabetes are at a greater risk of certain medical emergencies than the general population.
2. 4 out of 10 Brazilians with diabetes do not know they have the disease.
3. There are 40 million pre-diabetics in Brazil, and 25% will become diabetics in 5 years if they don't take care of themselves and change their lifestyle.
4. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world.
5. High glucose levels can damage the small blood vessels within the retina, leading to retinal detachment.
6. Symptoms of retinal detachment include blurred vision, shadow in the vision, luminous flashes, and floaters.
7. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels are very low, usually below 70mg/dl.
8. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, dizziness, nausea, aggressiveness, sweating, shakiness, rapid heartbeat, and seizures.
9. Treating hypoglycemia involves giving the person a sweet drink, candy, or chocolate, or putting honey or syrup in their cheek if they are unconscious.
10. People with diabetes have a 1.5x greater risk of having a stroke than people without diabetes.
11. According to the AHA, 16% of diabetics over 65 die from a stroke.
12. Symptoms of a stroke include numbness or weakness on one side of the face or body, headache, difficulty in coordination or balance, mental confusion, and speech problems.
13. The SAMU method can help identify stroke symptoms: Smile, Ask the person to give you a hug, Make them sing a song or repeat a phrase, and Rush them to the hospital if necessary.
14. Diabetes affects the immune system, increasing the risk of infection.
15. Common infections in diabetes include urinary tract infections, gum disease, and respiratory ear infections.
16. Diabetic foot is a common cause of amputation.
17. Diabetes destroys nerves, impairs tissue healing, worsens blood circulation, and weakens the immune system.
18. Symptoms of diabetic foot include ulcers, culminating in partial or total amputation of the affected limb.
19. Diabetics must be careful with their feet, trimming their nails, wearing comfortable shoes, and inspecting their feet regularly.
20. The word TIME can help identify sepsis symptoms: Temperature, Infection, Mental decline, and Exam (low blood pressure, high heart rate, and rapid breathing).
21. Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world.
22. Over time, excess blood sugar damages the kidneys' filtering system.
23. Symptoms of kidney damage include changes in urine, muscle spasms, swelling in the feet and ankles, high blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.
24. People with diabetes are at twice the risk of heart attack than the general population.
25. Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 80% of deaths in people with diabetes.
26. High blood glucose can form plaques in the coronary arteries, increasing the risk of heart attack.
27. Diabetic heart attacks may not have classic symptoms like chest pain, but instead may include stomach pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and dizziness.
28. Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of diabetes that can lead to death.
29. Symptoms of ketoacidosis include pain in the belly, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, weakness, shortness of breath, and rapid breathing.
30. Diabetic ketoacidosis requires immediate hospitalization.
31. Hyperglycemic status hyperosmolar is a condition where blood sugar levels are extremely high, often due to infection or stress.
32. Symptoms of hyperglycemic status hyperosmolar include extreme dehydration, mental confusion, and very high blood sugar levels.
33. Treating hyperglycemic status hyperosmolar requires hospitalization and hydration with saline and insulin.
34. Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death in the world.
35. There are over 530 million adults with diabetes in the world, up from 108 million in 1980.
36. The number of diabetics has increased by over 70 million in the last 2-3 years, mainly due to the pandemic, stress, lack of physical activity, poor diet, and obesity.