The speaker explains that inductive loads, such as motors and transformers in household appliances, can cause voltage instability and generate "reactive power" that is not usable and can increase electricity bills. They propose a solution by using a capacitor with a high microfarad value, placed in parallel with the electrical network, to correct the phase difference between voltage and current. This can help reduce the reactive power and save energy. The speaker also notes that the capacitor should be placed only when inductive loads are operating and disconnected when they are not, and that it is possible to place the capacitor in each appliance that represents an inductive load. Additionally, they mention that the capacitor can act as a shock absorber to reduce voltage instability and that it is recommended to use a capacitor with a voltage value above the voltage of the home's electrical grid.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. Alternating current with a sinusoidal shape is delivered to homes.
2. The waveform of alternating current is the same in all countries, but the voltage can vary (e.g., 120 volts or 220 volts).
3. Appliances can be classified into three types: resistive loads, inductive loads, and capacitive loads.
4. Resistive loads, such as electric stoves, have current that is in phase with the voltage.
5. Inductive loads, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, have current that lags behind the voltage.
6. Capacitive loads, such as LED lamps, have current that leads the voltage.
7. Inductive loads generate reactive power, which is not real consumption but is still charged by the meter.
8. Capacitors can be used to correct the phase difference between voltage and current in inductive loads.
9. A capacitor with a value of 50-120 microfarads can be used to correct the phase difference.
10. The capacitor should be placed in parallel with the electrical network.
11. The capacitor should be connected only when inductive loads are operating.
12. The capacitor should be disconnected when inductive loads are not in use.
13. Inductive loads can produce voltage instability in the electrical network.
14. Capacitors can act as a shock absorber to reduce voltage instability.
15. Capacitors used for this purpose do not have polarity and are designed for alternating current.
16. The voltage value of the capacitor should be above the voltage of the home's electrical grid (e.g., 200 volts for 120-volt homes, 400 volts for 220-volt homes).