This video explores the properties of matter under extreme conditions such as ultra-high pressure and ultra-low temperature. The narrator demonstrates various experiments, including:
1. Applying heat to a diamond, causing it to turn into black smoke, revealing that diamonds and graphite are made of the same carbon atoms arranged differently.
2. Using a device to generate ultra-high pressure to create a diamond from black smoke.
3. Observing the behavior of water under high pressure, causing it to freeze at room temperature and turn into ice with a different crystal structure.
4. Experimenting with gallium, which becomes red and transparent under high pressure.
5. Demonstrating superconductivity by creating a current that flows continuously through a coil even after the power is turned off.
6. Showing the Meissner effect, where a superconducting material expels magnetic fields.
7. Exploring the properties of liquid helium, which becomes superfluid at extremely low temperatures.
8. Generating ultra-strong magnetic fields using a coil and observing the effects on materials.
9. Creating a magnetic field of over 300 Tesla using a ring and coil, causing the ring to shrink and the magnetic field to increase in density.
The video concludes by noting that these experiments allow us to understand the fundamental properties of atoms and create new technologies that can be useful in our daily lives. The pursuit of understanding the ultimate world continues, and researchers are exploring the properties of matter under extreme conditions to achieve this goal.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. Diamonds and graphite are made of the same carbon atoms, but their properties differ due to their arrangement.
2. Diamonds are created approximately 100km underground under ultra-high pressure exceeding 30,000 atmospheres.
3. A device can generate ultra-high pressure to turn graphite into a diamond.
4. Diamonds are the hardest substance on earth and are used in various industrial applications, including ultra-precision machining.
5. Many industrial diamonds are manufactured under ultra-high pressure.
6. Diamonds can be used to generate even higher pressure if used as a pressure generator.
7. Research into ultra-high pressures has led to the understanding of the properties of matter.
8. Water turns into ice at around 10,000 atmospheres.
9. Ice formed under high pressure has a different crystal structure than normal ice and sinks in water.
10. Gallium becomes red and transparent when subjected to high pressure.
11. Metals do not allow light to pass through them, but when subjected to high pressure, they can become opaque.
12. When pressure is applied to a material, the areas come closer to each other, and the electrons' orbits become stained.
13. Diamonds are transparent, allowing for direct observation of phenomena under high pressure.
14. Superconductivity research and application technology are progressing rapidly.
15. Superconducting materials can be used in various applications, including ultra-high-speed computers and sensors.
16. The Meissner effect is a phenomenon where magnetic lines of force do not penetrate a superconducting material.
17. Superconducting materials can be used to create high-speed vehicles with no friction.
18. The temperature of a substance can be lowered using a superconducting magnet.
19. The most powerful permanent magnet in the world can lift objects weighing approximately 100 kilograms.
20. The earth's magnetic field is about 1/100,000 times smaller than the magnetic field created by a bar magnet.
21. The strength of a magnetic field can be confirmed using iron sand.
22. A strong magnetic field can be generated using a coil and a large current.
23. The Lorentz force is a force that acts on electrons when a magnet is brought close to them.
24. A strong magnetic field can cause various changes in matter.
25. A device can generate a magnetic field of up to 200 Tesla using a coil and a large current.
26. The coil is destroyed when a large current is passed through it, but the material inside is not damaged.
27. Another way to generate a strong magnetic field is to use a ring inside a single-turn coil.
28. The ring is pushed inward by the repulsive force of the two currents, concentrating the magnetic field.
29. A super strong magnetic field of over 300 Tesla can be generated using this method.
30. In an ultra-strong magnetic field, metals can change into insulators.
31. The appearance and behavior of matter can be very different under extreme conditions.
32. Research into the fundamental properties of atoms can lead to new technologies that will be useful in daily life.