The speaker discusses the common mistakes that prevent average students from becoming top students. They identify five key mistakes:
1. **Rote learning approach**: Average students often use a passive learning approach, memorizing information without truly understanding it. Top students use an active recall technique, which involves recalling information from memory rather than simply re-reading it.
2. **Not revising effectively**: Average students often don't revise their notes effectively, leading to a lack of retention. Top students revise their notes multiple times, using a spaced repetition technique to help solidify information in their long-term memory.
3. **Not optimizing their study schedule**: Average students often study at times that aren't optimal for their brain function. Top students experiment to find the best time for them to study, taking into account their energy levels, focus, and concentration.
4. **Lack of critical thinking**: Average students often don't develop their critical thinking skills, which are essential for solving complex problems and answering exam questions. Top students practice critical thinking by solving questions and problems on their own, without looking at the answers.
5. **Inadequate sleep**: Average students often don't get enough sleep, which is essential for memory consolidation and learning. Top students prioritize getting at least 8 hours of sleep per night to help their brain function at its best.
The speaker also emphasizes the importance of **not attaching identities** to oneself, such as "I'm not good at math." This can limit one's potential and prevent them from working hard to improve. Instead, top students focus on improving their skills and knowledge, without labeling themselves as "good" or "bad" at a particular subject.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. The brain stores different types of information, with 90-95% coming from visual and auditory inputs.
2. The brain has limited capacity for storing information, and excess information is forgotten.
3. The brain has a "forgetting curve" where it forgets up to 90% of any concept after a few seconds of studying.
4. Revision is necessary to store information in long-term memory, with at least five revisions recommended.
5. The frequency of revisions should be spaced out, with the first revision done on the second day, the second after a week, the third after 3-4 weeks, and the final after a month or two.
6. The best time to study depends on individual DNA and brain function, not a specific time of day.
7. Concentration is key to effective studying, and individuals should find their most suitable study time.
8. Critical thinking is essential for academic success, and can be developed through learning, practicing questions, and solving problems.
9. Practicing questions without looking at answers first is an effective way to develop critical thinking.
10. Good sleep is essential for memory consolidation and academic performance, with at least 8 hours of quality sleep recommended.
11. The National Institute of Health reports that over 70% of students do not get enough sleep.
12. Sleep scientist Dr. Walker of University of California has identified three phases of sleep that help consolidate memories: light sleep, deep sleep, and rapid eye movement.
13. The University Grants Commission (UGC) has stated that the value of online and offline degrees is equal.
Note: I've excluded opinions and focused on extracting factual information from the text.