The speaker discusses various figures of speech, starting with the concept of notation and connotation. They explain that figures of speech are related to connotation, where words and expressions are used in a figurative sense.
The speaker then covers several types of figures of speech, including:
1. Comparison: Establishing a comparison using comparative elements.
2. Metaphor: Making a statement that uses words with a different meaning.
3. Metonymy: Replacing one word with another through substitution or approximation.
4. Antithesis: Using contrasting ideas.
5. Paradox: Presenting ideas that seem contradictory or absurd.
6. Personification: Attributing human characteristics to non-human beings or things.
7. Hyperbole: Exaggerating something.
8. Euphemism: Softening harsh information.
9. Irony: Making a statement that says the opposite of what is meant.
The speaker uses various examples, including songs and everyday expressions, to illustrate each figure of speech. They also mention that they will cover more types of language in a future class.
Here are the key facts from the text:
1. The speaker is discussing figures of speech and their different types.
2. Notation is when a word is used in its literal sense.
3. Connotation is when a word is used in its figurative sense.
4. Figures of speech have to do directly with connotation.
5. Comparison is a figure of speech that establishes a comparison between two things using comparative elements.
6. Metonymy is a figure of speech that involves substituting one word for another with a related meaning.
7. Antithesis is a figure of speech that involves juxtaposing two contrasting ideas.
8. Paradox is a figure of speech that involves presenting two ideas that seem to contradict each other.
9. Personification is a figure of speech that involves attributing human characteristics to non-human things.
10. Hyperbole is a figure of speech that involves exaggerating something for emphasis.
11. Euphemism is a figure of speech that involves softening harsh information to make it more palatable.
12. Irony is a figure of speech that involves saying the opposite of what you mean.
13. The speaker provides examples of each of these figures of speech from music, literature, and everyday language.