The video discusses the concept of time and its measurement, starting with the sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds) and the solar day (24 hours). It explains how the Earth's rotation is affected by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun, causing tidal forces that slow down the planet's rotation.
The video also delves into the history of time measurement, from the use of pendulum clocks to the modern atomic clocks, which have achieved an accuracy of one second in 20 million years. However, even with this high level of precision, the Earth's rotation remains unpredictable, and scientists have to compensate for the lag by adding leap seconds.
The video also explores the concept of time on other planets, such as Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter, where the rotation periods and timekeeping systems are vastly different from Earth's. Additionally, it touches on the idea of "tidal capture," where a planet's rotation becomes synchronized with its orbit, resulting in a permanent day and night side.
The video also includes a segment on the hexagon at Saturn's north pole, which was discovered by the Voyager spacecraft in 1981. Scientists were puzzled by this phenomenon for 30 years until they were able to replicate it in a laboratory using a combination of wind speeds at different latitudes and depths.
Finally, the video concludes with a philosophical reflection on humanity's perception of time, noting that despite our efforts to measure and control it, time remains a mysterious and elusive concept.
1. The festival of bloggers "VideoHeat" will be held in Kyiv on June 9-10.
2. On June 3, 2013, there was a glitch in the clock of the Thomson Reuters company.
3. Algorithms received an advantage due to the glitch and made transactions worth 28 million dollars.
4. One second of such an error would bring losses of 1 billion 866 million 666 thousand 666 dollars.
5. A day on Earth is equal to 24 hours and is called solar.
6. If we lived according to the sidereal day, every day time would shift by 4 minutes.
7. The Earth rotates at random.
8. In 1956, scientists tried to equate the second with the tropical year.
9. The gravity of neighboring planets affects the Earth's rotation.
10. In 1967, the second was tied to the radiation of the cesium-133 atom.
11. The passage of time itself is very dependent on gravity.
12. Time moves slower on the ISS, 23 and a half microseconds per day.
13. Gennady Padalka, who spent the most time aboard the station, is one 48th of a second younger than he would have been if he had remained on Earth.
14. The error in the measurement of time began to be small: one second in 20 million years.
15. The Earth's rotation is slowing down.
16. The International Earth Rotation Service compensates for the lag by adding one second of coordination.
17. The Moon and the Sun create tidal forces that slow down the Earth's rotation.
18. The planet Mercury rotates around its axis counterclockwise.
19. A day on Mercury lasts 2 Mercury years, which is why birthdays can be celebrated twice a day.
20. The planet Venus rotates around its axis clockwise.
21. On Venus, the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
22. A day on Venus lasts 243 days.
23. The Earth's rotation is slowing down due to the melting of ice caps at the poles.
24. The conservation of angular momentum occurs with the Earth, just like with Yulia Lipnitskaya's figure skating.
25. If 2 thousand years ago a day lasted 3 hundredths of a second less, then by the end of this century we will have to add three seconds every two years.
26. The difference between sidereal and solar days on Mercury is 117 Earth days.
27. Almost all large satellites in our system are turned with one side towards their planet.
28. There are planets in the Milky Way that behave the same way, making a revolution around their axis in the same time as a revolution around a star.
29. Sidereal days on them last for a whole year, and solar days last forever.
30. On one side of the planet it is always day, and on the other it is always night.