The article discusses the history and removal of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir. Here's a concise summary:
* The article begins with PM Modi's secret visit to the President's house on August 5, 2019, to discuss the removal of Article 370.
* It then delves into the history of Jammu and Kashmir, explaining how it became a part of India after independence.
* The article discusses the Instrument of Accession, which was signed by the king of Jammu and Kashmir, Raja Hari Singh, in 1947, and how it led to the creation of Article 370.
* Article 370 granted Jammu and Kashmir a special status, allowing it to have its own constitution, flag, and laws, while still being part of India.
* The article explains how the Indian government, led by PM Modi, planned to remove Article 370, starting from 2015 when the BJP-PDP alliance was formed in Jammu and Kashmir.
* The plan involved waiting for the right moment to impose President's rule in Jammu and Kashmir, which would give the governor, Satyapal Malik, the power to act like a prime minister.
* On August 5, 2019, the Indian President issued a notification, which effectively removed Article 370 and Article 35A, and imposed Indian laws on Jammu and Kashmir.
* The notification was followed by a resolution in the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, which was passed, and approved by the President, thereby revoking Article 370.
* The article concludes by explaining how the removal of Article 370 marked a significant change in the relationship between Jammu and Kashmir and the Indian government.
Overall, the article provides a detailed account of the history and removal of Article 370, highlighting the strategic planning and execution involved in the process.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. British India was divided into two parts: British India, which was directly ruled by the British, and Princely States, which were indirectly ruled by the British along with their respective kings or Nizams.
2. There were 565 Princely States in India, including Jammu and Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Jodhpur.
3. When India became independent, the Princely States were given the option to join either India or Pakistan, or remain independent.
4. Jammu and Kashmir had a Hindu king, but a majority Muslim population, which led to disputes between India and Pakistan over its accession.
5. The Instrument of Accession was a document that the Princely States had to sign to join India, which included provisions for defense, foreign affairs, and communication.
6. Jammu and Kashmir signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947, and became a part of India.
7. The Indian government and Jammu and Kashmir negotiated the Delhi Agreement, which included provisions for the state's autonomy and the imposition of certain Indian laws.
8. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution was introduced to provide a temporary and special provision for Jammu and Kashmir's autonomy.
9. Article 35(A) was introduced under Article 370 to provide a special provision for Jammu and Kashmir's state subject law.
10. The Indian government and Jammu and Kashmir negotiated the Presidential Order of 1954, which imposed certain Indian laws on Jammu and Kashmir.
11. The Presidential Order of 1954 was amended several times to impose more Indian laws on Jammu and Kashmir.
12. In 2015, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the People's Democratic Party (PDP) formed a coalition government in Jammu and Kashmir.
13. In 2018, the BJP withdrew its support from the PDP, leading to a governor's rule in Jammu and Kashmir.
14. In 2018, Satyapal Malik was appointed as the governor of Jammu and Kashmir.
15. In 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind issued a notification that changed the name of the legislative assembly of Jammu and Kashmir to the constituent assembly.
16. The notification also removed Article 35(A) and imposed Indian laws on Jammu and Kashmir without any exceptions.
17. Amit Shah introduced a resolution in the Rajya Sabha to remove Article 370, which was passed with a majority vote.
18. The resolution was also passed in the Lok Sabha, and the President of India approved it, leading to the removal of Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir.