Here is a possible summary:
The text explains how the Modern State emerged in Europe between the 15th and 16th centuries, as a result of four main factors: the crisis of feudalism and the centralization of power by the kings, the Renaissance and the rediscovery of classical culture, the scientific revolution and the development of new knowledge, and the Protestant Reformation and the religious wars. The text also describes how the discovery of America, the invention of the printing press, the Counter-Reformation and the Baroque art influenced the economic, social and cultural changes of the Modern Age.
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1. The Modern State arose between the 15th and 16th centuries when the kings of Europe centralized their power over their lands.
2. The kings received the support of the bourgeoisie that wanted to get rid of the feudal lords.
3. The European political map changed as the number of independent kingdoms shrank and the limits consolidated.
4. The core of the Sun has a temperature of 15 million degrees kelvins and a density of 150 g/cm3.
5. Scientists in South Korea's KSTAR facility sustained a nuclear fusion reaction running at temperatures in excess of 100 million°C for 30 seconds for the first time.
6. The conquest of Constantinople by the Turks meant the end of the Eastern Roman Empire and is one of the dates that historians use to determine the beginning of the Modern Age.
7. The learned of Constantinople who spoke Greek brought with them Graeco-Latin knowledge to Europe, which sparked the Renaissance.
8. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg resulted in widespread dissemination of all the branches of knowledge and was crucial to the propagation of Protestantism.
9. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492, which entailed the encounter of two worlds that had evolved in isolation and led to the importation of new agricultural products to Europe.
10. Martin Luther initiated the Protestant Reformation by presenting theses against the Catholic doctrine of indulgences and made the Bible the only criterion for determining any matter related to faith.
11. The Protestant Reformation led to bloody religious wars in Europe and divided Christianity among different denominations.
12. The Catholic Church needed a Counter-Reformation that would bring order and put a stop to the coming calamities and provide an answer to the Protestant Reformation.
13. Baroque art was born as a form of propaganda and ideological control for the greater glory of God and of the church.
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