The text is a transcript of a video about maglev trains, which use magnetic levitation to achieve high speeds and low friction. The video explains how maglev trains work, how they differ from conventional high-speed trains, and what are the challenges and benefits of building them. The video focuses on the Japanese maglev project that aims to connect Tokyo and Osaka in under an hour. The video also compares maglev trains with other modes of transportation, such as cars, planes, and regular rail. The video ends with a promotion for an online learning platform that offers courses on magnetism, electricity, probability, and other topics.
Here are some key facts extracted from the text:
1. There is a 43 kilometer long magnetic levitation train track in Japan that will become part of the world's first inter-city maglev train connecting Tokyo and Osaka.
2. The maglev trains use superconducting magnets to hover 10 centimeters above the track and reach speeds of 500 kilometers per hour.
3. The only commercial high-speed maglev line currently in operation is in Shanghai, China, and it covers 30 kilometers in 8 minutes.
4. There are two primary methods of levitating a train: electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension.
5. Japan uses electrodynamic suspension, which is passively stable and has a larger gap between the track and train, but requires superconducting coils to generate powerful magnetic fields.
6. The superconducting coils are cooled by liquid helium and liquid nitrogen using a pulse tube refrigerator that uses sound waves to cool the helium.
7. The magnetic field shape and strength are controlled by electric steel shielding and the arrangement of the coils on the train, creating a low magnetic field bubble inside the cabin.
8. The maglev trains use linear motors to propel themselves without touching the ground, and linear induction coils to collect power from the changing magnetic field from the guiding coils.
9. The Japanese maglev line is set to be the first long-distance high-speed maglev train, with the first phase covering 285 kilometers from Tokyo to Nagoya by 2027, and the second phase completing the remaining 438 kilometers to Osaka by 2037.
10. The maglev trains are more expensive and energy-intensive than conventional high-speed trains, but they are faster, more efficient, and more reliable.