This is a summary of the text:
The text is a transcript of a video that contains several segments of different animated shows. The first segment is about a nuclear fusion experiment in South Korea and how it compares to the temperature of the sun. The second segment is about a deaf ball that is found on an island and how he learns to hear with a cochlear implant. The third segment is about a virus that turns everyone white and how they use biotechnology to restore their color. The fourth segment is about the sound waves and how they are perceived by different animals. The fifth segment is about the origin of albinism and how it relates to a virus. The last segment is a meta-commentary on the production of the video and how the scriptwriters are unaware of the virus.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. The Nobel Prize for the use of stem cells in genetics was awarded in 2007.
2. The prize was awarded to representatives of three countries: Italy, England, and the United States.
3. The winners included Mario, Sir Martin Evans, and Oliver.
4. Alexander Aleksandrovich Maximov, a Russian scientist, was the first to assume the existence of stem cells in the early 20th century.
5. Georg von Bekisch, an American-Hungarian-born engineer, worked on telephone exchanges and researched how we hear.
6. He explained how we distinguish low sounds from high ones and the role of the cochlea in this process.
7. Von Bekisch received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1961 for his research.
8. The cochlea is a complex part of the ear that decomposes sounds into high and low frequencies.
9. The information from the cochlea is converted into a sequence of electrical impulses and sent to the brain.
10. If the cochlea does not work, we stop hearing sounds.
11. A cochlear implant is a device that can help people with non-functioning cochleas to hear.
12. The device works by converting sound into electrical signals that are sent to the cochlea.
13. The auditory ossicles (hammer, incus, and stapes) are three bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations.
14. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to divide and differentiate into different cell types.
15. Stem cells can be found in the bone marrow and can be used to repair damaged tissues.
16. The use of stem cells is a relatively new science, and the first assumptions about their existence were made in the early 20th century.
17. Biotechnology is a science that uses the achievements of genetics and molecular biology to treat diseases.
18. Viruses have the ability to integrate their genes into the DNA of cells and change the cell's behavior.
19. Artificial viruses can be created to produce specific proteins and distribute them throughout the body.
20. The gene responsible for producing the protein melanin is called the Milan gene.
21. The Milan gene protects the skin and hair from the sun and makes them darker.
22. If the Milan gene fails, the skin and hair become white.
23. Melanin is a protein that is responsible for skin and hair color.
24. The DNA molecule contains genes that are responsible for designing proteins.
25. Each gene is responsible for producing a unique protein.
26. The protein melanin is produced by the Milan gene.
27. Biotechnology can be used to cure the gene that is responsible for producing melanin.
28. Artificial viruses can be used to distribute the protein melanin throughout the body.
29. The cochlea is responsible for decomposing sounds into high and low frequencies.
30. The information from the cochlea is converted into a sequence of electrical impulses and sent to the brain.