The summary could be:
This is a transcript of a video that explains how to create a new country and what are the challenges and examples of doing so. It covers different methods such as claiming terra nullius, building new territory, conquering land, separating from a country or declaring independence unilaterally. It also mentions some micro nations and countries with limited recognition that have used these methods with varying degrees of success. It ends with a brief anecdote about the Republic of Kugelmugel, a spherical micro nation in Austria.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. The declarative theory states that creating a country is something simple and only four points must be met: a defined territory, a permanent population, a government and the ability to establish relations with other states.
2. There are three territories unclaimed by anyone, known as terra nullius: one in Europe between Croatia and Serbia, one in Africa between Egypt and Sudan, and one in Antarctica called the land of Marie Byrd.
3. The constitutive theory states that to be a sovereign state, another sovereign state has to recognize you as such.
4. There are many examples of micro nations that have tried to create a country in terra nullius, but none of them have been successful or recognized by other states.
5. There are other options to acquire territory, such as building new territory, separating from a country or conquering a territory, but they also have many challenges and complications.
6. There are some cases of success of new independent countries that separated from the country they belonged to, such as East Timor, Montenegro and South Sudan, but they usually involved a war and an agreement between both parties.
7. There are some cases of de facto independent countries that are not recognized by most of the international community, such as Northern Cyprus, Transnistria, Somaliland, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Abkhazia, because they declared their independence unilaterally and without an agreement with the country they belonged to.
8. There are some ambiguous cases of partially recognized countries, such as Palestine and Kosovo, because they have complex historical and political reasons that divide the world's opinion on their status.
9. There are some cases of limited recognition of countries for other reasons, such as South Korea and North Korea not recognizing each other, Taiwan being recognized by only 14 countries and Bhutan not recognizing any of the Chinas.
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