The text is a transcript of a video lecture about 10 laboratory indicators that are important for elderly people to know. The speaker explains what each indicator means, why it is important, and what diseases or conditions it can indicate. The indicators are:
- Hemoglobin: a stable indicator of blood oxygen transport that should not decrease with age.
- Vitamin B12: a vitamin that is involved in blood formation and nerve function and can be deficient in old age due to atrophic gastritis or malnutrition.
- Protein and albumin: markers of nutrition and liver and kidney function that should not decrease with age.
- Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate: indicators of kidney function that affect the choice and dose of many medications.
- Glucose and glycated hemoglobin: indicators of blood sugar level that reflect the risk of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
- Cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein: indicators of lipid metabolism that affect the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
- Uric acid: an indicator of metabolic disorders that can lead to gout, kidney stones, and chronic inflammation.
- Vitamin D: a vitamin that is involved in bone health, immunity, hormone synthesis, and brain function and can be deficient in old age due to reduced skin synthesis or dietary intake.
- C-reactive protein: a marker of nonspecific inflammation that can indicate infection, injury, or chronic disease activation.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone: a hormone that regulates the production of thyroid hormones that affect metabolism, mental functions, and various systems in the body.
The speaker urges the patients to consult a doctor and find out their values for these indicators and to take care of their health.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. Laboratory indicators are important for elderly people to know and what tests need to be taken for this.
2. Hemoglobin is a stable indicator in adults and its value does not change with age and in men it should be more than 130 grams per liter and in women more than 120 grams per liter.
3. A decrease in hemoglobin is called anemia and it worsens the course of many chronic diseases and increases the risk of falls and fractures, memory and attention impairment, and hearing loss.
4. A decrease in hemoglobin in old age can lead to a deficiency of vitamin B12, which normally has a content of 200-1000 pg/ml.
5. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to memory impairment, dementia, and numbness and decreased sensitivity in the legs.
6. A decrease in the level of albumin protein in the blood is a marker of malnutrition in old age and proteins must be regularly supplied with food from the outside.
7. Creatinine reflects the function of the kidneys, which changes with age and affects the prescription of many medications.
8. Glucose or blood sugar is the main energy potential of the body and both an increase and a decrease in glucose are very dangerous for health.
9. Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average glucose content in the blood over a long period of time and if its level is more than 6.5%, then this is a criterion for diagnosing diabetes mellitus.
10. Cholesterol combines high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (good cholesterol) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and depending on their ratio, we will predict the development of atherosclerosis.
11. An increase in uric acid levels indicates metabolic disorders in the body and provokes the development of gout, kidney stones, atherosclerosis, obesity, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
12. Vitamin D is secreted by the skin and is involved in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, maintaining immunity, hormone synthesis, and reducing systemic inflammation and chronic pain.
13. Vitamin D deficiency leads to the development of bone fragility, osteoporosis, increased risk of fractures, muscle weakness, frailty syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and increased mortality.
14. C reactive protein is a marker of nonspecific inflammation and an increase in c reactive protein indicates trouble in the body.
15. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced in the pituitary gland of the brain and regulates the production of thyroid hormones, which play an important role in the body.
16. Pathology of the thyroid gland is more common in older people and both deficiency and excess of thyroid hormones adversely affect health.
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