The text discusses various animals that have adapted to live in harsh mountainous environments.
Mountain goats, belonging to the order of ruminant artiodactyls of the bovid family, are best climbers in the world. They live in rocky highlands of Europe, North Africa, middle and southern Asia, preferring steep slopes and inaccessible places at altitudes of one and a half to five and a half kilometers above sea level. Their agility is attributed to the structure of their hooves, which are narrow, hard, and capable of moving wide apart. The soft, sensitive pads attached to their hooves provide additional grip, allowing them to stand on almost vertical surfaces.
The ibex, a type of mountain goat, lives in inaccessible alpine mountain areas between the boundaries of forest and ice at altitudes of up to 4,600 meters. They are large animals, up to one and a half meters in length at the withers, with an average weight of 40 to 100 kilograms.
Mountain hyraxes, also known as Bruce domans, are small animals that live on the African continent, specifically on mountain slopes and hills covered with rocky soil. They are very active, running and jumping quickly. The maximum altitude at which they are found is 3,800 meters.
Snow leopards are the only species of large cats that have adapted to live in harsh conditions at high altitudes. They live in the cold mountainous regions of Asia, including the Himalayas, Tibet, the Pamirs of the Altai and Tien Shan. The snow leopard is distinguished by a long, thin flexible body, relatively short legs, a small head, and a very long tail.
Yaks, the largest mammals in the world, live in Tibet at an altitude of 45 kilometers above sea level. They have a long, massive body, a heavy, low-set horned head, and short limbs ending in wide, rounded hooves. The weight of males reaches 1 ton, while females weigh up to 400 kilograms.
Llamas, American relatives of camels, live in the mountains of South America at an altitude of up to 4 kilometers above sea level. They are hardy and can carry a load of up to 50 kilograms almost 25 kilometers in the highlands.
Finally, the wall vine, a type of bird, nests mainly at altitudes of 900 to 2000 meters in Europe and sometimes more than 5,000 meters above sea level in Asia. The bird moves with incredible ease along the mountain ledge in search of food, which includes a variety of spiders, insects, and their larvae.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, numbered for reference:
1. Mountain goats live in the rocky highlands of Europe, North Africa, and southern Asia.
2. They prefer steep slopes, rocky gorges, and inaccessible places at an altitude of 1.5 to 5.5 kilometers above sea level.
3. Mountain goats are excellent climbers, capable of moving on almost vertical surfaces.
4. They have narrow, hard hooves with soft, sensitive pads that help them grip rocky surfaces.
5. The pads on their hooves are constantly renewed and do not become rough, allowing them to maintain their grip.
6. Mountain goats have a strong sense of balance, precise coordination, and keen vision that helps them navigate rocky terrain.
7. They can jump large distances on steep slopes and make quick turns to escape predators.
8. Ibex, also known as alpine goats or mountain goats, live in inaccessible alpine mountain areas between the forest and ice boundaries.
9. They can be found at altitudes of up to 4,600 meters and are known for their agility and climbing abilities.
10. Ibex have a distinctive appearance, with a long, thin body, relatively short legs, and a very long tail.
11. They are herbivores and feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, leaves, and fruits.
12. Tree-climbing goats are found only in the south-western part of Morocco.
13. They climb trees to feed on leaves and plum-like fruits, and can be seen climbing up to 3 stories high.
14. The seeds of the argan tree, which the goats eat, are used to produce valuable argan oil.
15. Mountain hyraxes, also known as Bruce domans, live on the African continent and are found in mountain slopes and hills covered with rocky soil.
16. They are very active and can run and jump quickly, with a weight of around 3.5 kilograms and a body length of up to half a meter.
17. Mountain hyraxes have a distinctive appearance, with a short muzzle, small ears, and thick hair.
18. They have excellent climbing abilities, thanks to the special structure of their paws, which allows them to move on smooth surfaces.
19. Snow leopards live in the cold mountainous regions of Asia, including the Himalayas, Tibet, and the Pamirs.
20. They are the only species of large cats that have adapted to living in harsh conditions at high altitudes.
21. Snow leopards have a distinctive appearance, with a long, thin body, relatively short legs, and a very long tail.
22. They are herbivores and feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, leaves, and fruits.
23. Yaks live in Tibet at an altitude of up to 4,500 meters above sea level and are the largest mammals living in such harsh conditions.
24. They have a distinctive appearance, with a long, massive body, a heavy, low-set horned head, and short limbs ending in wide, rounded hooves.
25. Yaks are well adapted to life in the highlands, with a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, large lungs, and a heart that allows them to survive in low-oxygen conditions.
26. Llamas are American relatives of camels and live in the mountains of South America at an altitude of up to 4 kilometers above sea level.
27. They are well adapted to life in the highlands, with a thick layer of fur, wide hooves, and a high content of red blood cells.
28. Llamas are used by local residents to transport goods and are known for their strength and endurance.
29. The wall vine, a small bird from the passerine order, is an excellent climber and can be found in high and steep cliffs in Europe and Asia.
30. They have a distinctive appearance, with a colorful pattern on their wings and a melodic song.
31. Wall vines are not afraid of humans and can be seen from a close distance, allowing observers to appreciate their bright outfit.