The summary of the given text is as follows:
In October 1982, scientist Joseph Farman discovered an anomaly in the ozone level in the Earth's atmosphere while conducting measurements at a research station in Antarctica. The machine he was using indicated a 40% decrease in ozone levels compared to normal. Farman initially thought there might be a problem with the machine, but when he returned the following year with a new machine and found similar results, he realized something was wrong.
The next year, Farman decided to take the reading from another research station, about 1,000 miles away from his original station. He found that the ozone level had deteriorated even more, leading him to conclude that it was an emergency situation. He took the evidence to NASA, and the world soon learned about the ozone hole over Antarctica. The ozone hole was growing rapidly each year, and NASA scientists had overlooked it.
The ozone layer is mainly known for protecting us from harmful sun rays or UV radiation. The ozone layer is formed by oxygen when the sun's ultraviolet radiation hits the oxygen molecules. This process is called Photodissociation or Photolysis. The ozone layer is made up of 3 oxygen atoms, and its chemical formula is O3.
The ozone layer was formed around Earth about 600 million years ago. The ozone layer is about 15-35 km above the surface of Earth, and 90% of the ozone on Earth is found in this area. The ozone layer is not a hole, but a metaphorical way of saying that the ozone layer has thinned a lot over that area.
The ozone hole is forming only over Antarctica due to the polar stratospheric clouds. These clouds form only at a temperature of -78° Celsius, and the droplets of these clouds contain a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. These chemicals react on the surface of these droplets to break down the ozone.
In 1986, the United Nations began negotiations on the issue and started drafting a treaty to ban Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) all over the world. In 1987, a Montreal Protocol was formed, which came into force in 1989. This became the first United Nations treaty in global history, which was signed by every country. All 198 member countries of the United Nations ratified this treaty.
By the year 2040, the ozone layer will return to the level in 1980. By the year 2045, the ozone hole above the Arctic will completely disappear. And above Antarctica, our ozone layer will recover completely by the year 2066.
1. In October 1982, scientist Joseph Farman was taking measurements of the ozone in the Earth's atmosphere at a research station in Antarctica when he noticed a strange reading from his machine, indicating a 40% decrease in ozone levels compared to normal.
2. Farman initially thought the machine was faulty, but he later realized that if the ozone level had actually fallen so low, it would have been detected by the thousands of orbiting NASA satellites.
3. The following year, Farman returned to the research station with a new machine and found that the ozone level had decreased even more.
4. He decided to take the reading from another research station, about 1,000 miles away from his original research station. He found that the ozone level had deteriorated even more.
5. Farman realized that this was an emergency situation and went to NASA with the evidence. The world soon got to know about the ozone hole over Antarctica.
6. The ozone hole was growing rapidly each year, and NASA scientists had overlooked it.
7. The ozone layer is mainly known for protecting us from harmful sun rays or UV radiation. UV rays can cause sunburns, weakening of our immune system, cataracts, and skin and eye cancer.
8. The ozone layer stops X-rays, gamma rays, and UV-C rays from reaching the Earth. UV-B radiation is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer, and UV-A is not absorbed at all.
9. The ozone layer is about 15-35 km above the surface of Earth, and 90% of the ozone on Earth is found in this area.
10. Ozone is made from oxygen when the sun's ultraviolet radiation hits the oxygen molecules. This is a simple chemical reaction that forms ozone (O2 + O = O3).
11. The ozone layer is mainly known for protecting us from harmful sun rays or UV radiation. UV rays can cause sunburns, weakening of our immune system, cataracts, and skin and eye cancer.
12. The ozone layer is about 15-35 km above the surface of Earth, and 90% of the ozone on Earth is found in this area.
13. Ozone is made from oxygen when the sun's ultraviolet radiation hits the oxygen molecules. This is a simple chemical reaction that forms ozone (O2 + O = O3).
14. The ozone layer stops X-rays, gamma rays, and UV-C rays from reaching the Earth. UV-B radiation is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer, and UV-A is not absorbed at all.
15. The ozone layer is mainly known for protecting us from harmful sun rays or UV radiation. UV rays can cause sunburns, weakening of our immune system, cataracts, and skin and eye cancer.
16. The ozone layer is about 15-35 km above the surface of Earth, and 90% of the ozone on Earth is found in this area.
17. Ozone is made from oxygen when the sun's ultraviolet radiation hits the oxygen molecules. This is a simple chemical reaction that forms ozone (O2 + O = O3).
18. The ozone layer stops X-rays, gamma rays, and