Physicists have proposed a new law, the second law of quantum complexity, which argues that complexity behaves similar to entropy and increases on average until it maxes out. This proposal was based on the fact that quantum entanglement keeps evolving even after classical entropy has reached thermal equilibrium. The theory was tested using quantum circuit complexity and cryptography. The implications of complexity growth for the evolution of the universe are unknown, but the proposal suggests that the story of the universe may begin again after quantum complexity reaches its maximum value.
1. The universe might be a closed system surrounded by a horizon, behaving like the horizon of a black hole.
2. Any self-contained system satisfying the standard laws of physics will see an increase in entropy until it reaches thermal equilibrium.
3. Quantum entanglement keeps evolving, even after thermal equilibrium is reached.
4. Stanford physicist Leonard Susskind found that the interior spacetime of a black hole can seemingly grow forever.
5. Susskind proposed that black holes continue to evolve due to the increasing complexity of their quantum state, leading to the development of a new fundamental law, the second law of quantum complexity.
6. Quantum circuit complexity had become the mathematical language for this theory, drawing a comparison to scrambling the information in a cipher to the rearrangement of qubits.
7. The second law of quantum complexity is not entirely clear in its application to the universe as a whole.
8. With the full embrace of the quantum world, we can understand systems much better.
9. The implications of complexity growth on the universe's evolution are unexplored territory.
10. Even quantum complexity achieves its maximum value, and then the story may begin again.