The speaker discusses the concept of self-fulfilling prophecies, which refers to situations where someone's belief or expectation about a future event leads to the event occurring as they predicted. The speaker uses examples from history and everyday life to illustrate this concept. They emphasize that the power of belief and expectation can influence outcomes, but this effect is most potent when the belief is genuine and not just a manipulative tactic. The speaker also mentions the Pygmalion effect, which is a similar concept but specifically related to teachers' expectations influencing students' performance.
The speaker then discusses the Clever Hans effect, a real-life example where a horse was able to solve math problems based on its owner's body language. The horse was not actually performing complex calculations, but its owner believed it was due to the Clever Hans effect.
The speaker also talks about the Golem effect, which is the opposite of the Pygmalion effect. This effect occurs when low expectations lead to negative outcomes.
Finally, the speaker mentions the upcoming release of a video game, "The Last of Us Part 2", and encourages viewers to check the description for a link to purchase the game.
1. The video discusses the topic of cognitive distortions, effects, and phenomena. [Source: Document(page_content="00:00:32.43: the top of this section about cognitive distortions...")]
2. The video refers to an event that occurred at the end of the 19th century involving a horse named Hans. [Source: Document(page_content="00:00:58.89: nineteenth century one man...")]
3. Hans was claimed to have solved mathematical problems, which was later found to be due to his ability to understand body language. [Source: Document(page_content="00:01:19.83: he simply understood body language well...")]
4. The psychologist Oscar conducted his own experiments on Hans, finding that the horse could correctly answer questions only if people knew the correct answer. [Source: Document(page_content="00:02:25.86: he was asked correctly...")]
5. The video mentions the "Clever Hans effect", which refers to the phenomenon where people expect certain outcomes from others, influencing those outcomes. [Source: Document(page_content="00:02:29.70: this was called the Clever Hans effect...")]
6. The video describes an experiment where rats were divided into "smart" and "dumb" rats. The results showed that the rats' performance was influenced by the expectations of the researchers. [Source: Document(page_content="00:03:12.24: rats are divided completely...")]
7. The video mentions the "Pygmalion effect", which refers to the phenomenon where people's beliefs about others can influence those others' performance. [Source: Document(page_content="00:03:49.86: the pygmalion effect in honor of...")]
8. The video describes an experiment where children were told they had passed a special Harvard test, leading to improved performance among the children. [Source: Document(page_content="00:04:44.97: the experiment was carried out...")]
9. The video introduces the concept of "self-fulfilling prophecies", where belief in something can lead to the expected result. [Source: Document(page_content="00:09:28.68: I didn’t go coo coo...")]
10. The video discusses the "golem effect", where low expectations can lead to negative outcomes. [Source: Document(page_content="00:09:55.34: there is a completely opposite effect, the...")]
11. The video mentions the Washington Mutual Bank case, where a belief in the bank's impending failure led to its bankruptcy. [Source: Document(page_content="00:10:01.89: not many people know that this is exactly what...")]
12. The video discusses the "self-fulfilling prophecy" concept, where belief in something can lead to the expected result. [Source: Document(page_content="00:11:45.18: why witch hunters...")]
13. The video mentions the "Last of Us Part 2" game, which is exclusive for the PlayStation 4. [Source: Document(page_content="00:16:16.77: I have in my hands the last copy with the...")]
14. The video concludes with a French proverb about fate, suggesting that people often meet their fate on the very road along which they walked to avoid it. [Source: Document(page_content="00:17:28.50: a man often meets his fate on...")]