The provided text appears to be a script from a children's news program, "NBC Nightly News Kids Edition". It covers a variety of topics, including heatwaves, staying cool, the science behind brain freeze, canine lifeguards, a community service project, and the history of roller coasters.
The segment on heatwaves explains what a heatwave is, how it affects the body, and how to stay cool and safe during such weather conditions. It also mentions the role of humidity in exacerbating the heat.
The segment on brain freeze, or snow Palatine ganglioneralgia, discusses the science behind why eating ice cream too quickly can cause a headache. It explains that when cold food hits the roof of the mouth, it triggers the trigeminal nerve, which sends a signal to the brain to warm the area. This process causes a sudden pain lasting for about 20 to 30 seconds.
The community service project segment highlights kids across the country who are helping the elderly and disabled by mowing their lawns for free. This initiative is part of a challenge called Lawn Care, which was started by Rodney Smith Jr.
The segment on canine lifeguards introduces Beacon and Bowie, the first and only lifeguard dogs in the U.S. They are part of the lifeguard staff at Scarborough Beach State Park in Maine and are trained to rescue people in the water.
The segment on the history of roller coasters provides a brief timeline of the development of these attractions, from the 17th-century Russian ice slides to the first modern roller coaster, the Switchback Railway, which debuted at Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York, in the 1870s. The segment also mentions various records related to roller coasters, such as the fastest and tallest coasters in the world.
Finally, the script includes a segment on how to build a sandcastle at the beach, with tips on packing the sand tightly, keeping the tide line in mind, and the importance of imagination.
1. The text discusses heatwaves, which are periods of unusually hot weather that typically last for three or more days. The temperatures have to be above average for the area where you live. For example, a few days of 95-degree weather in Vermont would be considered a heatwave, but not in Arizona. [Source: Document 1]
2. Heatwaves are generally the result of trapped air, as opposed to cycling around the globe. In a heatwave, the air stays put and warms up, similar to the air inside an oven. [Source: Document 1]
3. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. When there is a lot of water vapor in the air, the humidity will be high. High humidity can make you feel wet and sticky, especially in desert areas. [Source: Document 2]
4. The text mentions a 50-yard challenge where kids mow lawns for free in their community to help the elderly, disabled, single parents, and veterans. [Source: Document 3]
5. The hummingbird is the only species of bird that is able to fly backwards for a significant amount of time. They can also fly forward, backwards, straight up and down, or remain suspended in the air. [Source: Document 4]
6. Beacon and Bowie are the first and only lifeguard dogs in the U.S. They patrol the beach with a lifeguard, and they have been trained to follow the first responder into the water and pull in people who are in the water. [Source: Document 5]
7. The first roller coaster was a Russian Ice slide in the 17th century. The French brought this icy concept to France in the early 1800s, adding rolling wheels to account for the warmer climate. The term "roller coaster" came from this. [Source: Document 6]
8. The fastest roller coaster in the world is called Formula Rosa, which goes a whopping 149 miles an hour at the Ferrari World Abu Dhabi. The tallest roller coaster is Kingda Ka Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey, which climbs to 456 feet in the air. [Source: Document 6]
9. The oldest roller coaster still running today is called "a leap the dips" at Lakemont Park in Pennsylvania, which first opened in 1902 and is over 120 years old. [Source: Document 6]