The French Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 2) - Summary

Summary

The provided text seems to be a script or transcript of a historical event or story, likely related to the French Revolution. The main character, King Louis XVI, is depicted as losing his power and influence in the revolutionary government, which led him to attempt to flee France. However, he was captured by authorities and was eventually executed. His wife, Marie Antoinette, was also tried and executed. The radicals in power, such as Robespierre, implemented a period of terror, during which thousands of people were executed for suspected crimes against the revolution. The story also mentions a period of relative calm under a more moderate group, the Thermidorian, who drafted a new constitution and created a government called the Directory. However, royalists staged an insurrection in Paris, which was suppressed by Napoleon Bonaparte. Despite the Directory's attempts to prevent a return to monarchy, the Revolution officially continued until 1799.

Facts

1. King Louie and his family moved to the Tuileries palace in Paris.
2. A revolutionary government began to strip away King Louie's power.
3. The king feared for his safety and had to stay on the government's good side.
4. The government made the nobility pay taxes like everyone else.
5. The tax money could no longer pay for the king's lavish parties.
6. The king continually found himself having to prove his support for the revolution.
7. A mob invaded the palace and demanded the king wear the revolutionary bonnet.
8. The king disguised himself as a servant and attempted to flee to the Austrian Netherlands on June 20, 1791.
9. The king was recognized by a postmaster in the town of Harent and was returned to Paris.
10. The king's lack of support for the revolution was clear, and many considered him a traitor.
11. The new constitution of 1791 reduced the king's powers to that of a simple figurehead.
12. Radicals such as those in the Jacobin Club wanted the king removed entirely.
13. A month later, these radicals staged protests calling for the king's removal.
14. The government feared an insurrection and sent the military to disperse the crowd.
15. The confrontation escalated, and the National Guard fired on a crowd of revolutionaries.
16. The incident exposed a deep division within the brotherhood of the revolution.
17. The National Convention officially declared the French Republic.
18. The new republic began working to violently remove any semblance of the old royalist regime.
19. The church became a prime target, and priests who refused to take an oath to the revolution were deported or arrested.
20. A new state-sponsored theistic religion named the Cult of Reason was created as a replacement for the Catholic Church.
21. Dr. Joseph Guillotine introduced a new form of execution, the guillotine.
22. The guillotine made its debut in 1791 as the new form of execution.
23. In April 1792, France declared war on Austria and immediately got defeated.
24. The Prussian Duke of Brunswick posted a letter warning the revolutionaries that if anything happened to the king, he would burn Paris to the ground.
25. On July 10, 1792, the tension in the city exploded, and a mob stormed the king's palace.
26. Fighting broke out between the revolutionaries and the king's Swiss Guard, with casualties in the hundreds.
27. The king fled and took refuge in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly.
28. The chamber decided to hold a vote, and the monarchy was suspended entirely.
29. King Louie XVI was put on trial for treason and found guilty.
30. The punishment was less certain, with many moderates wanting to deport him, while Robespierre insisted the revolution could only live if the king was dead.
31. A vote was held, and by just one vote, Louie was sentenced to the guillotine.
32. In September 1793, the Committee of Public Safety was established to protect the new French Republic from its enemies.
33. The Revolutionary Tribunal was also reinstated to streamline the process of trying suspected enemies and handing out their death sentences.
34. Robespierre announced that terror would be the order of the day, and fear became official government policy.
35. The period known as the Reign of Terror began, during which about 40,000 people were killed for suspected crimes against Liberty.
36. Marie Antoinette was tried and found guilty of treason in 1793 and executed by guillotine on October 16, 1793.
37. In July 1794, Robespierre was overthrown and executed by guillotine.
38. The Thermidorian Reaction took control of the convention, wanting to restore stability to the government.
39. A new constitution was drafted, creating a government called the Directory.
40. Napoleon Bonaparte, a relatively unknown young captain, helped stage the siege of Toulon and was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general.
41. The French planned a three-pronged attack with the aim of marching on Vienna and knocking Austria out of the war.
42. Napoleon's military strategy led to the defeat of the Austrians, and he oversaw the signing of a peace treaty.
43. Napoleon became a famed hero among the French people and briefly went off to Egypt.
44. On his return to Paris, Napoleon found himself extremely popular, and the government extremely unpopular.
45. Napoleon staged a coup and created a new constitution that made him a dictator.
46. Napoleon began stabilizing French society, restoring the Catholic Church, and getting rid of the French Republican Calendar.
47. Napoleon's expansionist aspirations combined with the ongoing conflict in Europe would eventually lead the continent into a huge conflict known as the Napoleonic Wars.