Here is a possible concise summary of the text:
The text is a transcript of a lecture on winds and circulation in climatology. It explains the concepts of circulation, Coriolis force, pressure gradient force, geostrophic wind, and the different types of winds based on their origin, direction, and characteristics. It also gives examples of planetary or permanent winds and local winds in various regions of the world. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the factors that influence the wind patterns and their effects on climate.
Here are some key facts extracted from the text:
1. The movement of air and atmosphere is not a simple phenomena, but depends on various factors such as pressure gradient, Coriolis force, centrifugal force and frictional force.
2. Coriolis force is the force that acts perpendicular to the direction of motion and the axis of rotation of a mass of a moving body in a rotating system, causing it to deflect from its intended path.
3. Due to Coriolis force, objects deflect towards right in North Hemisphere and towards left in South Hemisphere.
4. The global wind movement patterns are known as the planetary or permanent winds, which include trade winds, westerlies and polar easterlies.
5. Trade winds blow from high pressure subtropical regions to low pressure equatorial regions, and are deflected by Coriolis force as northeast trade winds in North Hemisphere and southeast trade winds in South Hemisphere.
6. Westerlies blow from high pressure subtropical regions to low pressure subpolar regions, and are deflected by Coriolis force as southwest westerlies in North Hemisphere and northwest westerlies in South Hemisphere.
7. Polar easterlies blow from high pressure polar regions to low pressure subpolar regions, and are deflected by Coriolis force as northeast polar easterlies in North Hemisphere and southeast polar easterlies in South Hemisphere.
8. The air circulation in the trade wind zone is known as Hadley cell, the air circulation in the westerly zone is known as Ferrel cell, and the air circulation in the polar easterly zone is known as Polar cell.
9. Local winds are dominant over a specific region and are influenced by local conditions such as convective heating, unequal heating of the surface, and gravity or downdraft.
10. Local winds can be either hot or cold, and can occur during day or night time.
11. Some examples of local winds are sea breeze and land breeze, valley breeze and mountain breeze, chinook and nor'easter, haboob and harmattan, sirocco and berg.