Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** The Decoy Test Range (T-KOI) in Utah, USA
**Summary:**
* The Decoy Test Range, once a vital military site in Utah, is now abandoned.
* Built during the Cold War, it was used by Hercules Incorporated to test solid fuel rocket motors for Trident nuclear missiles.
* The site was crucial for calibrating motors to ensure accurate targeting for the US nuclear deterrent.
* After the Cold War, the site's usage declined, and it was briefly used for Soviet inspections under the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in the 1990s.
* The site was eventually abandoned in 1999, and control reverted to the Skull Valley Indian Reservation.
* Despite its closure, T-KOI's legacy lives on, with over 220 Trident missiles, calibrated at the site, still actively deployed, maintaining the threat of mutual destruction.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, each numbered and in short sentences:
1. **Location**: The Decoy Test Range is located in Skull Valley, Utah, USA.
2. **Original Purpose**: The site served a military purpose during the Cold War.
3. **Abandonment**: The site is now long abandoned.
4. **Construction Era**: The facility was constructed during the Cold War.
5. **Entrance Sign**: A warning sign in Russian is located at the entrance.
6. **Hercules Incorporated**:
* **Founding**: Started in the late 1800s.
* **Initial Product**: Improved dynamite, named "Hercules Powder".
* **First Location**: Manufactured just outside of San Francisco.
7. **Hercules' Growth**:
* **Danger**: Approximately 60 people died in explosions over the years.
* **Key Product**: Smokeless gunpowder became vital for the US military during World Wars.
8. **Cold War Context**:
* **New Weapon**: The Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) with a nuclear warhead emerged.
* **Arms Race**: The US and Soviet Union engaged in an arms race, developing more and better nuclear weapons.
9. **Technological Advancement**:
* **Solid Fuel Rocket Motors**: Replaced liquid-based missiles, allowing for hidden launches.
* **Minuteman Missiles**: Deployed in over 1,000 underground silos across the US.
10. **Ohio-Class Submarines**:
* **Development**: Built for carrying solid fuel Trident nuclear missiles.
* **Quantity**: 24 submarines were ordered, each capable of carrying up to 24 Trident missiles.
* **Warhead Capacity**: Up to 14 warheads per Trident, totaling over 8,000 potential nuclear bombs.
11. **Decoy Test Range's Role**:
* **Purpose**: Testing site for solid fuel motors manufactured by Hercules.
* **Testing Process**: Motors were calibrated against thrust blocks, with results recorded in instrument bunkers.
12. **Safety Measures**:
* **Lightning Rods**: Installed to divert strikes and prevent explosions.
* **Moveable Buildings**: Constructed on rails to pull back before firings.
13. **Accident**:
* **Year**: 1984
* **Incident**: One man was killed, crushed by a loose motor during securement.
* **Fine**: Hercules was fined $640 by OSHA.
14. **Decline and Repurposing**:
* **Late 1980s**: Beginning of the end for Hercules due to reduced nuclear warhead production.
* **Early 1990s**: Hundreds of layoffs; site used more for storage.
15. **START Treaty (1991)**:
* **Agreement**: US and Soviet Union to reduce nuclear stockpiles.
* **Inspection Site**: Decoy Test Range was chosen for Soviet/Russian inspections.
16. **Final Operations**:
* **1995**: Hercules Incorporated put itself up for sale due to cancelled contracts.
* **1999**: Alliant Tech Systems acquired Hercules; the lease on Decoy Test Range expired and was not renewed.
17. **Current Status**:
* **Ownership**: Control reverted to the Skull Valley Indian Reservation.
* **Legacy**: Over 220 Trident nuclear missiles, calibrated at Decoy, remain actively deployed.