Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** 10 Common Medicines that Can Harm Your Kidneys
**Key Points:**
1. **Kidney Function:** Kidneys filter toxins, excess fluid, and balance electrolytes. Certain medicines can damage kidneys, especially if you have pre-existing kidney issues or risk factors.
2. **Risk Factors:** Kidney failure, elderly (≥60), dehydration, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure, infection, obesity, high cholesterol, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. **Top 10 Medicines that Can Harm Kidneys:**
1. Antibiotics (e.g., Aminoglycosides, Sulfa drugs, Vancomycin, Quinolones)
2. Laxatives (e.g., Sodium phosphate)
3. Antivirals (e.g., Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Tenofovir)
4. Fibrates (e.g., Ciprofibrate, Fenofibrate)
5. Gastritis/Heartburn meds (e.g., Proton Pump Inhibitors like Omeprazole)
6. ACE Inhibitors/Blood Pressure meds (can be protective or harmful depending on kidney function)
7. (Skipped in original text, but implied to exist)
8. Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide)
9. Psychiatric Remedies (e.g., Lithium, certain Antipsychotics)
10. **Anti-inflammatories** (e.g., Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac) - **most likely to cause kidney damage**
**Prevention Tips:**
* Only take prescribed medications
* Avoid dehydration
* Limit alcohol consumption
* Control blood pressure and blood glucose (if diabetic)
* Regularly visit a nephrologist (if you have kidney problems)
* Avoid star fruit (carambola) if you have kidney issues
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, numbered and in short sentences, without opinions:
**General Kidney Facts**
1. All medicines and supplements pass through the kidneys.
2. 1 in 5 cases of acute kidney failure is due to medication.
3. Kidneys eliminate toxins, waste, and excess fluid, and regulate electrolytes and hormones.
**Kidney Risk Factors**
4. Pre-existing kidney failure increases the risk of medication-induced kidney damage.
5. Age over 60 years is a risk factor for kidney damage from medication.
6. Dehydration, diarrhea, and diuretic use can increase the risk of kidney damage.
7. Diabetes, high blood pressure, heart failure, infection, obesity, and high cholesterol are risk factors.
8. Excessive alcohol consumption can damage kidneys and increase the risk of kidney problems.
**Medications that Can Harm Kidneys**
9. **Antibiotics**: Certain classes (Aminoglycosides, Sulfa drugs, Vancomycin, Quinolones) can harm kidneys.
10. **Laxatives**: Certain types (e.g., sodium phosphate) can harm kidneys, especially if dehydrated.
11. **Antivirals**: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and some antiretrovirals can cause kidney problems.
12. **Fibrates**: Can worsen renal damage in patients with kidney dysfunction.
13. **Gastritis and Heartburn Medications**: Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) may increase kidney disease risk.
14. **Blood Pressure Medications (ECA inhibitors)**: Can be both protective and harmful to kidneys, depending on the situation.
15. **Diuretics**: Can dehydrate and harm kidneys if not managed properly.
16. **Contrast Agents**: Iodinated contrast used in CT scans, angiography, and other procedures can be nephrotoxic.
17. **Anti-inflammatories**: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac can reduce blood flow to kidneys and cause damage.
18. **Psychiatric Medications**: Lithium and certain antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine, olanzapine) can increase kidney problem risk.
**Prevention and Safety**
19. Always take medications as prescribed by a doctor.
20. Avoid dehydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
21. Limit alcohol consumption while taking medication.
22. Control blood pressure and blood glucose levels to prevent kidney problems.
23. Regularly visit a nephrologist if you have kidney problems.
24. Individuals with kidney problems should avoid consuming star fruit (carambola) due to its neurotoxic substance, caramboxin.
25. Aspirin, in prophylactic doses (81-200mg), is generally safe for kidneys, but overuse can be harmful.