Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** Fascinating Animal Anomalies and Unique Features
**Summary:**
The text highlights unusual characteristics and features found in various animal species, including:
1. **Organ anomalies**:
* Horses (no gallbladder)
* Salamanders (no lungs, breathe through skin)
* Snakes (one lung)
* Platypus (no stomach)
* Flatworms (no blood, rudimentary circulatory system)
2. **Unconventional body parts**:
* Humans (unique chin structure)
* Jellyfish (no brain, heart, or skeleton)
* Hagfish (four hearts)
* Sperm whales (four-chambered stomach like ruminants)
3. **Exceptional sensory features**:
* Horseshoe crabs (nine eyes)
* Sea stars (no eyes, use tiny tube feet for movement and water circulation)
* Vipers (thermal sensors for detecting warm-blooded prey)
* Sharks (electricity sensors for detecting electromagnetic impulses)
4. **Remarkable defense mechanisms**:
* Bombardier beetles (explosive chemical reaction)
* Boxer lobsters (powerful claws)
* Snapping shrimp (rapid pincer closure creating hot air bubbles)
5. **Other interesting facts**:
* Hippos (produce natural sunscreen, can run at high speeds)
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, without opinions, in short sentences with numbers:
**Anatomy and Physiology**
1. Humans and many animals need a gallbladder to store bile for fat processing.
2. Horses do not have a gallbladder.
3. Some salamanders do not have lungs and breathe through their skin.
4. Many snake species have only one functioning lung.
5. Spiders have eight legs and multiple eyes, except for the eyeless species "Locus Anops".
6. Platypuses have venom and a unique digestive system without a stomach (in the traditional sense).
7. Cows have a stomach divided into four cavities, not four separate stomachs.
8. Flatworms do not have blood or a complex circulatory system.
9. Humans have a unique bony protuberance known as the chin.
**Unique Features**
10. Jellyfish do not have sensory organs, a skeleton, brain, or heart.
11. One species of jellyfish can live indefinitely in a safe environment.
12. Hagfish have four hearts.
13. Sperm whales have a stomach structure similar to cows, with four cavities.
14. Horseshoe crabs have 7 eyes (2 on the sides, 5 on top, including a photoreceptor on their tail).
15. Many animals, but not humans, have a nictitating membrane (third eyelid).
**Special Abilities**
16. Sea stars can expel their stomach to digest food externally and do not have blood or lungs.
17. Vipers have a thermal sensor organ to detect warm-blooded prey.
18. Sharks have an electricity sensor near their nose to detect electromagnetic impulses.
19. Bombardier beetles can release a chemical mixture causing an explosive reaction for defense.
20. Boxer lobsters have 16 light-sensitive eyes, allowing them to see hundreds of colors.
**Miscellaneous**
21. Snapping shrimp can close their pincer so fast it creates a hot air bubble, reaching temperatures near the surface of the sun.
22. Hippos produce a pink, sweat-like sunscreen to protect their skin.
23. Hippos can run at speeds comparable to a scooter.