Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** The Return of Prince Ahmad bin Abdul Aziz to Saudi Arabia and its Implications
**Key Points:**
1. **Background:** The Saudi royal family's power dynamics, particularly the "Sudairians" (7 sons of King Abdul Aziz from his wife Hessa bint Ahmad al-Sudairi).
2. **Previous Dominance:** The Sudairians, including King Fahd and later King Salman, held significant power in Saudi Arabia.
3. **Current Situation:** With most Sudairians deceased, only two remained: King Salman and Prince Ahmad bin Abdul Aziz.
4. **Prince Ahmad's Return:** After rejecting the allegiance of Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) as crown prince and living in exile in the UK, Prince Ahmad returns to Saudi Arabia with British-American protection.
5. **Speculations:**
* Possible isolation of MBS due to his controversial past.
* Prince Ahmad might absorb the backlash against MBS or potentially become a key figure (e.g., representative to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) due to MBS's tarnished reputation.
* Uncertainty about the future of Saudi leadership and the potential for significant changes.
6. **Broader Reflection:** The region's fate is often decided by external powers, and the public is now more aware of the inner workings of these decisions, having lost illusions about the dignity of regional leaders.
Here are the extracted key facts, each with a number and in short sentences, excluding opinions:
**People and Relationships**
1. Two important individuals returned to Saudi Arabia: the Saudi procurator and Prince Ahmed bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud.
2. Prince Ahmed is the brother of King Salman.
3. King Abdul Aziz married Hessa bint Ahmad al-Sudairi, a member of the Sudairi family.
4. King Abdul Aziz had 40 wives, according to sources.
5. He had 24 daughters and 36 sons with his wives.
6. The Sudairi siblings (children of King Abdul Aziz and Hessa) include:
* Fahd bin Abdulaziz
* Sultan bin Abdulaziz
* Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz
* Turki bin Abdulaziz
* Nayef bin Abdulaziz
* Salman bin Abdulaziz
* Ahmad bin Abdulaziz
**Historical and Government Events**
8. Saudi Arabia was founded in the 1920s.
9. King Abdul Aziz relied on tribal leaders, including Ahmed Ibn Mohammad Al-Sudairy, to control the Arabian Peninsula.
10. There is no constitution in Saudi Arabia determining the line of succession.
11. The ruling document states that the throne passes to the sons of King Abdul Aziz and their sons, with the most deserving chosen by Islamic principles.
12. Fahd bin Abdulaziz became king on June 13, 1982, after King Khaled.
13. King Abdullah succeeded Fahd in 2005 but had limited control over the kingdom.
14. King Salman took power after King Abdullah's death in 2015.
15. King Salman appointed his son, Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), as crown prince, bypassing Prince Ahmad.
**Recent Events**
16. The Saudi procurator returned to Saudi Arabia after investigating in Turkey (likely referring to the Khashoggi case).
17. Prince Ahmad bin Abdul Aziz returned to Saudi Arabia with British-American protection.
18. Prince Ahmad had previously refused to pledge allegiance to MBS as crown prince and had been living in the UK.