Here is a concise summary of the construction challenges faced while building Marina Bay Sands in Singapore:
**Project Overview**
* $8 billion project (Rs. 60 cr)
* 3 towers, 680 ft high, with a Sky Park larger than a US Navy aircraft carrier
* Additional features: 200 ft high art museum, floating entertainment pavilion
**Key Challenges and Solutions**
1. **Ambitious Timeline**: Complete in 3 years (instead of 7)
* Solution: Construct all parts simultaneously with 16,500 workers
2. **Soft Marine Clay Soil**
* Solution: Build 1.5m thick diaphragm wall (4000m long, 50m deep)
3. **Unique Tower Design**: Curved and straight portions supporting each other
* Solution: Use concrete blocks, steel wires, and temporary steel frames
4. **Sky Park Construction**: Risk of damage from tower swaying (up to 200mm) in strong winds
* Solution: Utilize bridge engineering technology with movement joints; divide Sky Park into 3 parts
5. **Transporting Heavy Steel**: 1400 tons to the top
* Solution: Divide into 14 segments; use the world's biggest lift (installed by VSL)
6. **Assembly and Completion**
* Completed in 2010 (1 year delay due to Sky Park challenges)
**Outcome**
* Successfully completed despite numerous challenges
* Now hosts hundreds of thousands of visitors daily
* Regarded as an engineering masterpiece
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, each with a number and in short sentences, excluding opinions:
**Project Overview**
1. Marina Bay Sands is located in Singapore.
2. The project was led by Sheldon Adelson, owner of Las Vegas Sands Corporation.
3. Architect Moshe Safdie designed the project.
4. The project's initial estimated completion time was 7 years, but was later set to 3 years.
5. The project's cost was $8 billion (approximately Rs. 60 cr).
**Project Specifications**
6. The project consists of three 680-feet-high buildings.
7. The Sky Park is 1115 feet long and larger than a US Navy Nimitz aircraft carrier.
8. The project also includes a 200-feet-high art museum and a floating entertainment pavilion.
**Construction Challenges & Solutions**
9. The construction site had soft clay (marine clay) that was difficult to work with.
10. A 1.5m thick concrete wall (diaphragm wall) was built to address the marine clay issue.
11. 4000m of diaphragm wall was constructed, 50m below ground.
12. It took engineers 1 year to remove the marine clay.
13. 16,500 workers were hired to work on the project to meet the 3-year deadline.
14. The world's biggest canteen was built to manage the workers' food.
**Structural Challenges & Solutions**
15. The buildings have a unique curved and straight structure that required special support.
16. Concrete blocks, steel wires, and temporary steel frames were used to support the structure.
17. A heavy steel truss was used to join the curved and straight portions of the building at the 23rd floor.
**Sky Park Challenges & Solutions**
18. Engineers discovered that the three towers might swing up to 200mm during strong winds.
19. A wind tunnel test confirmed the risk of the Sky Park collapsing due to the swing.
20. Movement joints and a steel bridge were used to absorb up to 250mm of movement.
21. The Sky Park was built in three sections with movement space in between.
22. The infinity pool was divided into three 50m sections.
23. 1400 tons of steel were used to construct the Sky Park.
24. The Sky Park was constructed in 14 segments and assembled on top.
25. The world's biggest lift was used to transport the steel segments to the top.
**Project Completion**
26. The project was completed in 2010, with a delay of one year due to Sky Park construction issues.