Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** Mastering "S" and "Z" in Portuguese Writing
**Objective:** To clarify the usage of "S" and "Z" in Portuguese, eliminating common confusion.
**Key Rules for Using "S":**
1. **Derivatives with "S" in the root**: (e.g., paralysis, analysis, pesado)
2. **Indicating origin, nationality, or title**: (e.g., Thai, Dutch, Scottish)
3. **After diphthongs**: (e.g., maizena, pausa)
4. **Verb conjugations (e.g., "pôr" - I put)**
5. **Fixed adjective-formers and nouns with specific suffixes**: (e.g., gasosa, catechesis)
**Key Rules for Using "Z":**
1. **Derivatives with "C" or "Z" in the root**: (e.g., bairro, razoável)
2. **Abstract nouns from adjectives**: (e.g., beleza, grandeza)
3. **Specific verb endings (-izar) and noun endings (-ização)**: (e.g., symbolizar, colonização)
**Additional Tips:**
* **Homophone awareness**: Be mindful of words with the same sound but different spellings (e.g., bake/cozer, nut/noz).
* **Reading habit**: Regular reading helps in memorizing the correct usage of "S" and "Z".
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, numbered and in short sentences, without opinions:
**Portuguese Language Rules**
1. Words derived from other words with "s" in the radical use "s" (e.g., paralysis from paralyze).
2. Examples of words with "s" due to derivation: analyze, analysis, smooth, heavy (from peso).
3. Words indicating origin, nationality, or title use "s" (e.g., Thai, Dutch, Scottish).
4. Examples of nationalities with "s": English, Scottish, Dutch.
**Diphthongs and S**
5. A diphthong is when two vowels are close together in the same syllable.
6. Use "s" after diphthongs (e.g., maizena, because of "ai" together).
7. More examples with "s" after diphthongs: pause, thing, landing, blackboard.
**Verb Conjugation and S**
8. Use "s" in words resulting from verb conjugation with "put" (e.g., I put, with "s").
9. Examples of verb conjugations with "s": wanted, with "s" (e.g., I wanted).
**Fixed Adjective-Formers and S**
10. Certain adjective-formers always use "s" (e.g., gasosa, Catarinense, palmeirense).
11. Examples of nouns with suffixes using "s": catechesis, glucose, metamorphosis.
**Using Z**
12. Derivatives of words with "cê" in the radical use "z" (e.g., neighborhood from neighbor).
13. Examples with "z" due to "cê" in the radical: reasonable, buzina.
14. Abstract nouns from adjectives may use "z" (e.g., sadness, softness).
**Specific Word Rules**
15. Verbs ending in "-izar" use "z" (e.g., update, symbolize, eternalize).
16. Nouns ending in "-ização" use "z" (e.g., colonization, modernization).
17. Homophone words have the same sound but differ in spelling with "s" or "z" (e.g., bake, nut, weigh).
**Activity Answers**
18. Correct spellings for activity:
* Viscous: with "s"
* Thesis: with "s"
* Cafezal: with "z"
* Horrible: with "s"
* Neighborhood: with "z"
* Chinese: with "s"
* Rest, Polish, Princess: all with "s"