Here is a concise summary of the provided text:
**Title:** India's Dependence on Foreign Technology: Problems and Solutions
**Key Points:**
1. **Problem:** India's heavy dependence on foreign technology (e.g., US-based companies like Google, Microsoft) poses a significant risk to national sovereignty.
2. **Cloud Act (2018):** Allows the US to access data stored outside its borders, potentially compromising India's data security.
3. **Economic Impact:** Dependence on foreign tech hinders India's ability to take independent stances in global politics and makes it vulnerable to "economic bombs" (e.g., sanctions).
4. **Solutions:**
* **Regulation:** New Data Protection Bill aims to keep India's data within its borders.
* **Innovation:** Development of indigenous technologies, such as:
+ National Cloud (Meghraj)
+ Open-source Operating System (Bhar OS by IIT Madras)
+ Secure Application for Internet (SAI) for the Indian Army
* **Migration:** Encouraging acceptance and adoption of homegrown technologies to reduce dependence on foreign players.
**Core Message:** India's technological dependence is a threat to its independence; developing and embracing indigenous technologies is crucial for national sovereignty.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text, numbered and in short sentences:
**Historical & General Facts**
1. India gained independence on August 15, 1947.
2. India's economy was largely closed off until economic reforms in 1991.
3. The Stored Communications Act was established in 1986 (and updated in 2013).
4. The Cloud Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act) was made in 2018.
**Technology & Internet in India**
5. Approximately 70 crore (700 million) people in India have internet access.
6. By 2016, India's internet user base had become a significant global market.
7. Around 46 crore (460 million) people in India earn from YouTube, totaling Rs 4 crore.
8. 53 businesses in India run their operations on Microsoft.
**Cloud Act & Data Storage**
9. The Cloud Act allows the US to access data stored outside the US by US companies.
10. Many big companies store their data in Singapore.
11. India's data storage is subject to US access under the Cloud Act if accepted.
**Economic Sanctions**
12. In 2022, the US indirectly attacked Russia through economic sanctions after Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
13. Sanctions included stopping semiconductor and telecommunication services to Russia.
**India's Dependence & Policy**
14. India's technological dependence affects its foreign policy decisions.
15. India cannot take a strong independent stance like China due to its technological dependence.
**Solutions & Initiatives**
16. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill restricts transferring sensitive data outside India.
17. A Data Protection Board of India is to be formed to monitor company compliance.
18. India launched its National Cloud, Meghraj, in 2018 for shared cloud computing infrastructure.
19. IIT Madras launched an open-source operating system named Bhar OS in 2023.
20. A secure WhatsApp-like app, SAI (Secure Application for Internet), was made for the Indian Army.