The speaker discusses the complexities of negation in the English language, comparing it to the simplicity of negation in Portuguese, where adding "no" to a sentence is enough to negate it.
In English, the speaker explains, there are three ways to form negations:
1. Using the integral form (e.g., "I am not going").
2. Using the light form, which involves contracting the subject with the verb (e.g., "I'm not going").
3. Using the auxiliary "do" to form negations, especially with verbs other than "to be" (e.g., "I don't go").
The speaker also discusses the use of auxiliary verbs, such as "will" and "can," and how they interact with negation.
A key point is that when a sentence already has an auxiliary verb, the negation is formed by adding "not" to the auxiliary verb, rather than introducing a new auxiliary verb.
The speaker provides various examples to illustrate these concepts and offers a trick for remembering where to place the apostrophe in contractions.
Here are the key facts from the text:
1. In English, there are three ways to negate a sentence using the verb "to be".
2. The three ways are: using "not" with the integral form, using the light form with a contraction of the subject and verb, and using the form "don't" or "doesn't" with a contraction of the verb "to be".
3. In English, the word "no" is not used to deny a sentence, unlike in Portuguese.
4. The verb "to do" is used as an auxiliary verb to form the negative in English.
5. The verb "to be" has three forms in the present tense: "am", "is", and "are".
6. The auxiliary verb "do" is used to form the negative in the present tense.
7. In English, the negation auxiliary is used to form the negative in the present tense.
8. The negation auxiliary is the verb "do" in the present tense.
9. In English, the word "not" is used to form the negative in the present tense.
10. In English, the contraction "don't" is used to form the negative in the present tense.
11. The British use the full form of the negation more often than the contracted form.
12. In English, there are two regular auxiliaries: "am" and "is".
13. In English, there are irregular auxiliaries that change form when used in the negative.
14. In English, the apostrophe in the negative contraction "don't" indicates that the letter "o" has been left out.
15. In English, the negative contraction "don't" is used with the subject "I" in the present tense.
16. In English, the negative contraction "doesn't" is used with the subjects "he", "she", and "it" in the present tense.
17. In English, the verb "to be" changes form when used in the negative in the present tense.
18. In English, the negation of the verb "to be" in the present tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "do".
19. In English, the negation of the verb "to be" in the past tense is formed using the auxiliary verb "did".