This video aims to tell the history of Ukraine in just 10 minutes. The narrator uses a map to illustrate the key events and locations in Ukrainian history, from the Trypillian and Cimmerian cultures to the present day. The video covers various periods, including the Scythian state, the Rus state, the Cossack state, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as the country's struggles against various empires, including the Russian and Ottoman empires.
The narrator highlights key figures, such as Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, who united Ukraine under one rule, and Taras Shevchenko, a symbol of Ukrainian revival. The video also touches on the country's struggles for independence during the 20th century, including the founding of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
The narrator concludes by emphasizing the importance of remembering and sharing Ukraine's history, and encourages viewers to be proud of their heritage and to continue fighting for the country's independence. The video ends with a message of hope and resilience, noting that Ukraine has overcome many challenges in the past and will continue to do so in the future.
Here are the key facts extracted from the text:
1. The Trypillian culture was a prominent old forest-steppe culture in Ukraine.
2. The Trypillians were skilled craftsmen and ploughmen who built large cities.
3. The Cimmerians were the first known people in the steppe, but no cities were left after them, only graves.
4. The Scythians were a known state in Ukrainian lands, with Scythian herdsmen living in the steppe and raising cattle.
5. The Sarmatian nomads and Wendian ploughmen were successors of the Scythians who lived nearby and fought side by side.
6. The Goths came from the north-west, but the ploughmen, headed by the tribe of Antes, together with the nomadic Huns, expelled the invaders and founded their common state, the Union of Huns.
7. The Union of Huns was headed by ferocious king Attila and was considered an empire by its contemporaries.
8. Kyiv was mentioned in written sources for the first time during the rule of the Huns.
9. In the 7th century, the Ukrainian steppe was captured by Khazars, but Kyiv princes Askold, Oleh, and Ihor came against them.
10. Prince Sviatoslav the Brave finished defeating the invaders and concluded a military alliance with the local nomads.
11. In the 9th century, the Rus with its capital in Kyiv appeared in the forest-steppe lands.
12. The Rus was the state of grain growers.
13. In the 11th century, the tribes of the Ukrainian steppe united under the rule of the Polovtsians and created the Polovtsian Union.
14. Kyiv prince Yaroslav the Wise, together with the Polovtsians, conquered lands up to the Baltic, and the Rus became one of the most powerful states in Europe.
15. The Trident emblem appeared during this time, and the land was called Ukraine.
16. In the 13th century, the Horde was headed by the descendants of Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan in the Ukrainian steppe.
17. Polovtsian prince Yurii Kochakovych headed the Union with the Rus and the allied troops went against the Horde, but they failed.
18. The Rus under the rule of great Prince Danylo Romanovych managed to defend Volhynia, Halychyna, and Podillia.
19. Prince Danylo fought against the Golden Horde and the Teutons and the Poles.
20. He even got the title of the King of all Rus, and the Rus turned into the Kingdom of Rus for over 100 years.
21. The Poles captured Halychyna, and other Rus lands were joined to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia.
22. The Rus troops went under the blue-and-yellow gonfalons for the first time.
23. In 1362, prince Algirdas defeated the Golden Horde troops on the Blue Water and liberated the Rus lands.
24. The Grand Duchy took control of the steppe frontier, where the Mamais family held the reins of power.
25. The Mamais family was the motherland of future Zaporizhian Kossacks.
26. In 1441, the descendants of the Black Sea region Polovtsians, the Crimean Tatars, created their own state under the protection of the Grand Duchy – the Crimean Khanate.
27. The Crimean Khanate was under the rule of the khans from the Girays family.
28. The Crimean Tatars emblem, taraq tamga, was affirmed during this time.
29. The Golden Horde invaded the lands of the new Crimean state.
30. The Grand Duchy could not help its ally, as Muscovy was coming to its lands.
31. The Khanate had to look for new protectors and went under the aegis of the Ottoman Empire.
32. A new steppe state, Zaporizhian Host, started building up strength in Polovtsian Podniprovia.
33. The people of this state were called the Kossacks, and their capital was called the Sich.
34. The first known Cossack’s koshovyi was Bohdan Hlynskyi, from the old Mamais family.
35. Moscow did not stop its aggression against the Grand Duchy, and it had to unite with Poland and create a federative state – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
36. The Principality of Rus lost its statehood as a result of this union.
37. The protectors of the Rus independence asked the Kossacks for help.
38. Zaporizhian Host claimed the rights for the Rus lands with arms.
39. The most famous Cossack wars against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were the campaigns of Kosynskyi and Nalyvaiko.
40. During the rule of koshovyi Petro Sahaidachnyi, the Sich spread its influence on Kyiv.
41. The Zaporizhian Host got international recognition and concluded peace with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
42. In 1648, Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, together with Crimean khan Islam III Giray, won back the lands, which since olden times have been called Ukraine, and united them in the state, called Hetmanate.
43. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cooperated with Muscovy against Hetmanate.
44. The young Ukrainian state, together with Crimea, had been fighting on two fronts for over 50 years.
45. There were glorious victories during these wars, including the Kossacks of Ivan Vyhovskyi and the cavalry of Mehmed IV Giray defeating the Moscow troops near Konotop.
46. Hetman Doroshenko, with the help of khan Adil Giray, expelled the invaders and put an end to the so-called Ruin period.
47. Hetman Ivan Mazepa dispossessed Poland of the left bank of Dnipro and united with Sweden and against Moscow.
48. In 1710, Hetman Pylyp Orlyk, together with the Cossack Rada, drew up the first Ukrainian Constitution.
49. The enemies divided the former Rus lands among themselves.
50. Zaporizhian Host found itself under the rule of Crimea.
51. The Ukrainians did not lay down their arms.
52. Rebellious wars of the Haidamaks and Opryshky depleted the strength of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and it collapsed.
53. Western Ukrainian territories were transmitted from Poland to Austria.
54. The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, the successor of the Rus Kingdom, was created under the old Rus crown.
55. The Ukrainians got the right for self-government, and the rebellions subsided.
56. The Russians captured the lands of the Zaporizhian Host and destroyed the Sich, the symbol of the Cossack statehood.
57. The Russians destroyed the Crimean Khanate too.
58. Russia started to extinguish and evict the Crimeans and Nogais from Tavria and Kuban, and Kossacks from Podniprovia.
59. A part of Zaporizhian Cossacks founded Zadunaiska (Transdanubian) Sich under the aegis of the Ottomans.
60. The Buh and Black Sea Cossack hosts appeared under the rule of Moscow.
61. The Russian authorities moved the Cossacks to Azov and Kuban, where earlier almost all Nogais had been exterminated.
62. Russia started the annihilation of language, culture, and self-government Cossack’s traditions.
63. The Ukrainian intellectuals stood on the defensive, establishing self-regulating Ukrainian schools and educating centers, and book publishing was developing all over the country.
64. Taras Shevchenko was a symbol of Ukrainian revival.
65. Secret political communities occurred, including Pavlo Chubynskyi and Mykhailo Verbytskyi, who created the anthem of future Ukraine.
66. The land was in flames of peasants and Cossacks rebellions.
67. National liberation movement of the Crimean Tatars strengthened, with Ismail Hasprynskyi as their main ideologist.
68. The Russian Empire did not sustain the struggle with Ukraine and finally collapsed.
69. The Ukrainian People’s and Crimean People’s Republics were founded.
70. Noman Chelebidzhihan created the anthem of the Crimean Tatars.
71. The Crimean People’s Republic was destroyed by the Russian communists.
72. The Ukrainian People’s Republic found itself under the rule of Germany and turned into a Ukrainian state headed by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi.
73. The Germans left Ukraine, and independence, along with the name UPR, returned.
74. The state was headed by Symon Petliura.
75. Ukrainian rebels in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria founded Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, which in 1919 united with the UPR.
76. The unitary UPR carried on war on three fronts and lost.
77. Ukrainian lands were divided between Russia and Poland yet again.
78. The struggle did not subside, with insurgent armies carrying on war in Ukraine.
79. Russia was bound to grant Ukraine the right for autonomy and temporarily reduce pressure on culture.
80. However, in the 1930s, both Poland and Russia strengthened the terror again, with Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars being thrown into prisons, evicted, starved to death.
81. The flame of struggle burst out with new strength again and again.
82. Before the beginning of the Second World War, the borders of Europe changed, and the Ukrainians of Zakarpattia founded tiny Carpathian Ukraine.
83. In 1941, during the German occupation, the Ukrainians tried to revive their statehood twice, in Lviv and in Kyiv, but both attempts were suppressed by the Germans.
84. In reply, the Ukrainians created the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA).
85. In 1944, an underground Ukrainian state occurred, with Kyrylo Osmak as its President and the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council as its supreme authority body.
86. The army of this state, UIA, under the command of Roman Shukhevych, fought against the Germans, and then for as many as ten years – against the Soviet Union.
87. In 1954, armed struggle was suppressed, but it was replaced by liberation political movement.
88. The communists made concessions, joining Crimea to Ukraine and weakening political, language, and cultural pressure.
89. But the struggle did not subside.
90. Finally, the communist empire did not sustain the war with Ukraine and collapsed.
91. Independent Ukraine revived like the Phoenix Bird.